The term substance abuse is used to refer to the dependence or addictions associated with drug and alcohol addiction.

The definition for addiction has two aspects: substance addiction and process addictions. Substance addictions include addictions to alcohol, illegal drugs, prescription drugs, and nicotine. A process addiction is defined as an addiction to an action such as gambling, shopping, working, sexual activities, eating, and cleaning.

Regardless the addiction there are common factors, a dependency on the substance or process. Addiction can manifest as a physical or mental dependency.

A physical dependency is an actual craving, physical need, or uncontrollable desire for a substance or action. The body chemistry of the individual has changed so that the body actually thinks it needs the substance to survive. When the body does not get the substance it goes into a withdrawal from the substance, this can be mild or severe depending on the substance. Many drug rehab programs include a detoxification program to assist with drug withdrawal.

A mental dependency is when an individual feels that they need the substance to get thru the day or a certain situation. An addiction can be physical, mental, or a combination of the two.

Addiction Terms:
Addictive Personality is a term used to explain or define addiction. This concept defines addiction as being an aspect of a persons fundamental personality or character.

Process Addiction. An addiction to an action or routine of actions such as gambling, eating, shopping, working, or sexual activities. The addiction is not to a tangible thing - but in acquiring or participating an addiction to the movement or process.

Tolerance. When regular use of a drug, alcohol, or substance develops a build up within the body. The body becomes accustomed to the substance, and thus need higher levels or doses of the substance to achieve the desired effects.

Genetic Factor Some people seem pre-deposed genetically to developing an addiction. It is believed that individuals body chemistry is such that they are very sensitive to drugs, alcohol, and other substances thus making them vulnerable to addiction. This is based on the fact that some addiction tend to run in families, this could be due to genetic factors, pre-exposure, or environmental factors.

Social Learning Social learning is considered an important factor in addictions. Social learning can be found in the family environment, social environment, through peer pressure, and advertising or media influence.

The higher availability of drugs or alcohol - by physical resistance or low cost - increases the chances of addiction.

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